Volume 06 Issue 11 November 2023
Danang Satria Nugraha
Sanata Dharma University, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55002
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i11-41Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT
This study delves into the intricate realm of human emotions, specifically exploring the concept of love as depicted in proverbs from two culturally distinct languages: English and Indonesian. This study utilized a cognitive semantics analysis and the contrastive method to unravel the underlying conceptualizations of love in these linguistic expressions. Proverbs served as windows into a society's collective wisdom and cultural values, often reflecting fundamental human experiences. By analyzing an extensive corpus of English and Indonesian proverbs related to love, we aimed to investigate the cognitive structures that underpin these linguistic expressions. Through this exploration, we also aimed to bridge linguistic and cultural gaps, shedding light on how love is conceptualized differently and similarly across these languages. Applying a cognitive semantics analysis, we dissected the metaphorical expressions and conceptual metaphors that govern love-related proverbs in both languages. Scrutinizing these linguistic metaphors uncovered the nuances of love as perceived by English and Indonesian speakers. The contrastive method allowed us to identify patterns of similarity and divergence in the cognitive love models, offering a deeper understanding of cross-cultural variations. Admittedly, the findings show that (1) both English and Indonesian proverbs utilize a diverse range of metaphorical expressions to convey the complex concept of love; In English proverbs, love is often metaphorically associated with the warmth of a fire, the journey of life, and the destination of that journey and Indonesian proverbs lean heavily on metaphors that are related to nature and natural elements, (2) the metaphorical expressions and source domains used to describe love in English and Indonesian proverbs signify culture's significant role in shaping the conceptualization of love in language, and (3) English proverbs focus more on love's transient and fleeting elements. In contrast, Indonesian proverbs highlight the more profound nature of love that extends beyond immediate gratification. By understanding how love is conceptualized in different languages, we can enrich our linguistic knowledge and gain valuable insights into how humans experience and express this universal emotion. Our study strives to foster cross-cultural appreciation and enhance intercultural communication by unraveling the intricate tapestry of love as depicted in English and Indonesian proverbs.
KEYWORDS:cognitive semantics, contrastive analysis, English proverbs, emotional connotation, love-related proverbs, Indonesian proverbs.
REFERENCES1) Ajayi, D. O. (2023). ‘Living things’: metaphor and urban youth culture in Abolore Akande Adigun’s (9ice) hip hop music. African Identities, 21(1), 48–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2020.1828040
2) Altohami, W. M. A. (2023). A cross-cultural linguistic analysis of the gendered representations of “Wife” in Egyptian Arabic and American English Proverbs. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2174481
3) Andersson, D. (2013). Understanding figurative proverbs: A model based on conceptual blending. Folklore (United Kingdom), 124(1), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0015587X.2012.734442
4) Bekkozhanova, G., Shakhanova, R., & Ospanova, G. (2022). The role of proverbs in pedagogy: Cognitive and linguo-cultural aspects of transference of english proverbs and sayings into the Kazakh language. In Contemporary Kazakh Proverb Research: Digital, Cognitive, Literary, and Ecological Approaches.
5) Belkhir, S. (2022). Metaphoric proverbs in EFL learners’ translation. Cognitive Linguistic Studies, 9(1), 110–127. https://doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00073.bel
6) Brataatmadja, H. K. (2002). Kamus 5000 Peribahasa Indonesia. Kanisius.
7) Bredis, M. A., Dimoglo, M. S., & Lomakina, O. V. (2020). Paremias in modern linguistics: Approaches to study, text-forming and linguocultural potential. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics, 11(2), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-2-265-284
8) Childs, C. (2022). Emotion in conversation. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 717–741). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-003
9) Clachar, A. (2022). Text production, text reception, and emotion. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 681–701). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-001
10) Collis, H. (1992). 101 American English Proverbs: Understanding Language and Culture Through Commonly Used Sayings.
11) Darquennes, J., & Epps, P. (2022). Language and Emotion: An International Handbook. In Language and Emotion: An International Handbook (Vol. 1). https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524
12) De Leersnyder, J., & Pauw, L. (2022). Emotions in social situations. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 825–854). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-007
13) Dewaele, J.-M. (2022). Research into multilingualism and emotions. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 1217–1237). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-026
14) Eatough, V., & Tomkins, L. (2022). Qualitative methods. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 163–182). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-008
15) Forlè, F. (2022). Emotion and intersubjectivity. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 855–870). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-008
16) Foroni, F. (2022). Multimodality, facial expression, and emotional language. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 364–384). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-017
17) Fujita, R., Matsuo, T., & Hochin, T. (2019). Analysis of perceptions on school mottos as proverbs between Japanese and Indonesian. International Journal of Software Innovation, 7(1), 80–103. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSI.2019010105
18) Gentner, D. (1983). Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science, 7(2), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0364-0213(83)80009-3
19) Giang, D. N. (2023). Vietnamese Concepts of Love Through Idioms: A Conceptual Metaphor Approach. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 13(4), 855–866. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1304.06
20) Gibbs Jr., R. W. (1992). What do idioms really mean? Journal of Memory and Language, 31(4), 485–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(92)90025-S
21) Gibbs Jr., R. W., Bogdanovich, J. M., Sykes, J. R., & Barr, D. J. (1997). Metaphor in idiom comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 37(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1996.2506
22) Gibbs Jr., R. W., Costa Lima, P. L., & Francozo, E. (2004). Metaphor is grounded in embodied experience. Journal of Pragmatics, 36(7), 1189–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2003.10.009
23) Gibbs Jr., R. W., & O’Brien, J. E. (1990). Idioms and mental imagery: The metaphorical motivation for idiomatic meaning. Cognition, 36(1), 35–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(90)90053-M
24) Goddard, C. (2022). Vocabulary of emotions and its development in English, German and other languages. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 511–531). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-024
25) Hitokoto, H., & Ishii, K. (2022). Comparative and contrastive emotion studies. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 1191–1216). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-025
26) Ho, A. G. (2022). Emotion and communication design. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 385–402). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-018
27) Ibrahim, I. H., & Usman, J. (2021). Cultural values in Acehnese farming-related proverbs. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 364–371. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v11i2.32323
28) Julich-Warpakowski, N., & Sobrino, P. P. (2023). Introduction: Current challenges in metaphor research. Metaphor and the Social World, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.00026.jul
29) Kayed, M. A., Essa, L. B., & Alkayid, M. (2023). A contrastive study of the connotative meanings of “dog-related” expressions in English and Jordanian proverbs: Implications for translators and language teachers. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, 19(1), 66–101. https://doi.org/10.30842/alp2306573719166101
30) Knapp, S., Kyeong, Y., Cheung, C., & Davis, E. (2022). The interaction of gender and culture in the communication of emotion. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 871–888). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-009
31) Kochman-Haładyj, B. (2020). The vexing problem of gender stereotyping in world proverbs. SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics, 17(1), 73–86.
32) Kövecses, Z. (2005). Metaphor in culture: Universality and variation. In Metaphor in Culture: Universality and Variation. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614408
33) Kövecses, Z. (2010). Metaphor, creativity, and discourse. DELTA Documentacao de Estudos Em Linguistica Teorica e Aplicada, 26(SPL.ISS.), 719–738. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502010000300016
34) Kövecses, Z. (2012). The scope of metaphor. In Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110894677.79
35) Kövecses, Z. (2015). Where metaphors come from. Reconsidering context in metaphor. Oxford University Press.
36) Kövecses, Z. (2018). Metaphor, cognition, culture. In Handbook of Advances in Culture and Psychology (Vol. 7). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879228.003.0002
37) Kövecses, Z. (2022). Some recent issues in conceptual metaphor theory. In Researching Metaphors: Towards a Comprehensive Account. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003184041-3
38) Kövecses, Z. (2023). Metaphorical Creativity in Discourse. Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature, 47(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.17951/lsmll.2023.47.1.55-70
39) Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (pp. 202–251). Cambridge University Press.
40) Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.
41) Lakoff, G., & Kövecses, Z. (1987). The cognitive model of anger inherent in American English. In D. Holland & N. Quinn (Eds.), Cultural models in language andthought (pp. 195–221). Cambridge University Press.
42) Lau, K. J., Tokofsky, P. I., & Winick, S. D. (2004). What goes around comes around: The circulation of proverbs in contemporary life. In What Goes Around Comes Around.
43) Lemghari, E. M. (2022). On the Role of Source and Target Words’ Meanings in Metaphorical Conceptualizations. Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric, 67(3), 73–103. https://doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2022-0005
44) Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B., & Wilson, P. A. (2022). Morphology and emotion. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 423–441). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-020
45) Liu, M. (2022). Morphosyntactic structure and emotion. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 472–486). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-022
46) Lüdtke, U., Ehlert, H., & Bornman, J. (2022). Oral text production, oral text reception, and emotions. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 769–801). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-005
47) Niemeier, S. (2022). Emotions and figurative language. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 549–569). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-026
48) Nöth, W. (2022). Semiotic conceptions of emotion. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 341–363). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-016
49) Omarova, P. M., & Kadachiyeva, Kh. M. (2016). Representation of the concepts anger and fear in English and Russian proverbs. Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, 3, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2016-3-28-33
50) Orlova, T. G. (2020). The implementation of the conception of friendship on the basis of com-parative structural-semantic analysis of English and Russian proverbs. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics, 11(2), 301–318. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-2-301-318
51) Orlova, T. G. (2021). Structural and Semantic Analysis of English and Russian Proverbs about Marriage as a Source of Expression of Cultural and National Identity. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics, 12(4), 1075–1093. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-4-1075-1093
52) Panut, S., Sudrajat, H., & Bangun, A. (2007). Kamus Peribahasa Indonesia. Kesaint Blanc.
53) Phuong, V. T. (2023). Factors Affecting the Learning of English Proverbs and Idioms of English-Majored Students at University of Khanh Hoa, Vietnam. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.901004
54) Remland, M. S., & Jones, T. S. (2022). Emotions in intercultural communication. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 1258–1275). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-028
55) Richardson, C., Yaapar, M. S., & Abdullah, N. F. L. (2017). Understanding Malay and Chinese work ethics in Malaysia through proverbs. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 17(3), 365–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595817742930
56) Salam El-Dakhs, D. A., & Altarriba, J. (2022). Pragmatics and emotions in social contexts. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 589–605). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-028
57) Shaimardanova, M. R., & Akhmetova, L. A. (2015). Language means of expression of communicative-pragmatic frame “advice” in the proverbs with gender component (on the material of the English and Russian languages). Journal of Language and Literature, 6(3), 101–104. https://doi.org/10.7813/jll.2015/6-3/22
58) Shaimardanova, M. R., Akhmetova, L. A., Garipova, A. A., Nikishina, S. R., Atamanova, G. I., & Gatin, R. G. (2016). The representation of women in English and Russian paroemiological pictures of the world. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(18), 10851–10861.
59) Siefring, J. (2004). Oxford Dictionary of idioms (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
60) Silfver, M. (2022). Self-conscious emotions. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 1109–1122). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-021
61) Soriano, C. (2022). Affective meaning in language. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 489–510). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-023
62) Speake, J., & Simpson, J. (2008). Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
63) Spellerberg, C. (2022). Proverbial markers and their significance for linguistic proverb definitions: An experimental investigation. Yearbook of Phraseology, 13(1), 109–132. https://doi.org/10.1515/phras-2022-0007
64) Stachurska, A. (2023). Linguistic Image of the Woman in Kashubian, English and Polish Proverbs. Ezikov Svyat, 21(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.v21.i1.7
65) Stearns, P. N. (2022). History of basic emotions. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 1174–1190). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-024
66) Sultangubiyeva, A. A., Avakova, R. A., Gabdullina, Z. Ye., Ibraggimkyzy, S., & Imangalieva, S. Zh. (2021). Linguistic units of the concept „heart” in the world linguistic image (On the material of Kazakh and English languages). Astra Salvensis, 2021, 187–198.
67) Susanto, Y., & Chin Ng, B. (2022). The use of emotion lexicon in emotion research. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 532–548). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-025
68) Szpila, G. (2017). Contemporary proverbs - Theoretical investigations versus questionnaire study | Współczesne przysłowie - rozważania teoretyczne vs. badanie ankietowe. Jezyk Polski, 97(2), 5–22.
69) Tavangar, M., Diyanati, M., & Amouzadeh, M. (2022). Pragmatics of proverb translation: The case of English and Persian. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 18(1), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2022-0006
70) Villers, D. (2022). Proverbs and Paroemias: Definition and Methodology Issues | Proverbes et parémies: problèmes définitoires et méthodologiques. RILCE, 38(2), 520–536. https://doi.org/10.15581/008.38.2.520-36
71) Wharton, T., & Saussure, L. de. (2022). The pragmatics of emotion, argument and conflict. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/1 (pp. 664–680). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347524-032
72) Wilck, A. M., & Altarriba, J. (2022). Emotion words in monolingual and bilingual cognitive psycholinguistic research. In Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science [HSK] 46/2 (pp. 1238–1257). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110670851-027
73) Ying, Y., Mursitama, T. N., & Rumeser, J. A. A. (2017). Comparison of animal idioms in Chinese and Indonesian. Advanced Science Letters, 23(2), 1167–1170. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.7530
74) Yuan, G., & Sun, Y. (2023). A bibliometric study of metaphor research and its implications (2010–2020). Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2022.2113413
75) Zaikauskienė, D. (2021). Interpretation of Proverb Meaning: Theory and Practice | Patarlės reikšmės interpretacija: Teorija ir praktika. Tautosakos Darbai, 62, 11–27.
76) Zhao, W. (2012). An analysis of social proverbs from the perspective of cultural semiotics. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(10), 2073–2080. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.10.2073-2080
77) Zheng, X. (2018). The analysis of sexism in english proverbs. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 9(2), 352–357. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0902.17
78) Zhou, S. (2021). A cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors of color idioms in english and chinese based on data mining. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing: Vol. 1234 AISC. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51556-0_51